Mohala oa Tlhahiso ea Fertilizer ea Metsi

Kenyelletso ea mokhoa oa fermentation:
Biogas fermentation, eo hape e tsejoang e le anaerobic tshilo le anaerobic fermentation, e bua ka lintho tse phelang (tse kang moiteli oa batho, mehlape le likhoho, joang, lehola, joalo-joalo) tlas'a mongobo o itseng, mocheso le maemo a anaerobic, ka catabolism ea likokoana-hloko tse sa tšoaneng, le Qetellong Mokgwa wa ho etsa motsoako o tukang wa digase tse kang methane le carbon dioxide.Sistimi ea ho belisoa ha biogas e ipapisitse le molao-motheo oa ho belisoa ha biogas, ka sepheo sa tlhahiso ea matla, 'me qetellong e hlokomela ts'ebeliso e felletseng ea biogas, slurry ea biogas le masala a biogas.

Ho belisoa ha biogas ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng ea biochemical e nang le litšobotsi tse latelang:
(1) Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea likokoana-hloko tse amehang karabelong ea ho belisoa, 'me ha ho na mohlala oa ho sebelisa mofuta o le mong ho hlahisa biogas,' me inoculum ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho belisoa nakong ea tlhahiso le tlhahlobo.
(2) Lintho tse sebelisoang bakeng sa ho belisa li rarahane ’me li tsoa mehloling e mengata e fapaneng.Mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea lintho tse phelang kapa metsoako e ka sebelisoa e le thepa e tala ea ho belisa, 'me sehlahisoa sa ho qetela ke biogas.Ho feta moo, ho belisoa ha biogas ho ka tšoara metsi a litšila ka bongata ba COD bo fetang 50,000 mg/L le litšila tse nang le lintho tse ngata tse tiileng.
Tšebeliso ea matla ea likokoana-hloko tsa biogas e tlaase.Tlas'a maemo a tšoanang, matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa tšilo ea anaerobic e ikarabella feela bakeng sa 1/30 ~ 1/20 ea ho bola ha aerobic.
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa ho belisoa ha biogas, tse fapaneng ka sebopeho le thepa, empa mefuta eohle ea lisebelisoa e ka hlahisa biogas hafeela moralo o utloahala.
Biogas fermentation e bua ka mokhoa oo ka oona litšila tse sa tšoaneng tse tiileng tse phelang li belisoa ke likokoana-hloko tsa biogas ho hlahisa biogas.Ka kakaretso e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro:
Mokhahlelo oa liquefaction
Kaha lintho tse fapaneng tse tiileng ha li khone ho kena ka har'a likokoana-hloko 'me tsa sebelisoa ke likokoana-hloko, lintho tse phelang tse tiileng li tlameha ho tšeloa ka metsi hore e be Soluble monosaccharides, amino acid, glycerol le fatty acids tse nang le boima ba limolek'hule tse nyane.Lintho tsena tse qhibilihang tse nang le boima bo fokolang ba limolek'hule li ka kena liseleng tsa likokoana-hloko 'me tsa senyeha le ho sebelisoa.
Mokhahlelo oa acidogenic
Lintho tse fapaneng tse qhibilihang (monosaccharides, amino acid, mafura acid) li tsoela pele ho bola le ho fetoha lintho tse tlase tsa limolek'hule tlasa ts'ebetso ea libaktheria tsa cellulosic, libaktheria tsa protheine, lipobacteria le li-enzyme tsa intracellular tsa pectin, joalo ka butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, le alcohols , ketone, aldehydes le lintho tse ling tse bonolo tsa manyolo;ka nako e ts'oanang, lintho tse ling tsa inorganic tse kang hydrogen, carbon dioxide le ammonia lia lokolloa.Empa sethaleng sena, sehlahisoa se seholo ke acetic acid, e ikarabellang ho feta 70%, kahoo e bitsoa sethala sa moloko oa acid.Libaktheria tse nkang karolo mokhahlelong ona li bitsoa acidogens.
Sethala sa Methanogenic
Libaktheria tsa Methanogenic li senya lintho tse phelang tse bonolo tse kang acetic acid e bolileng mothating oa bobeli ho ba methane le carbon dioxide, 'me carbon dioxide e theoleloa ho methane tlas'a ketso ea hydrogen.Mokhahlelo ona o bitsoa sethala sa tlhahiso ea khase, kapa sethala sa methanogenic.
Libaktheria tsa Methanogenic li hloka ho phela tikolohong e nang le matla a phokotso ea oxidation ka tlase ho -330mV, mme ho belisoa ha biogas ho hloka tikoloho e thata ea anaerobic.
Ka kakaretso ho lumeloa hore ho tloha ho bola ha lintho tse fapaneng tse rarahaneng ho isa molokong oa ho qetela oa biogas, ho na le lihlopha tse hlano tse kholo tsa fisioloji tsa libaktheria tse amehang, e leng libaktheria tse belang, libaktheria tse hlahisang hydrogen, libaktheria tsa acetogenic tse jang haedrojene, ho ja hydrogen. methanogens le libaktheria tse hlahisang asiti ea acetic.Methanogens.Lihlopha tse hlano tsa libaktheria li etsa ketane ea lijo.Ho latela phapang ea metabolite ea bona, lihlopha tse tharo tsa pele tsa libaktheria li phethela tšebetso ea hydrolysis le acidification hammoho, 'me lihlopha tse peli tsa ho qetela tsa libaktheria li phethela tšebetso ea tlhahiso ea methane.
libaktheria tsa fermentative
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse phelang tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa ho belisoa ha biogas, joalo ka manyolo a liphoofolo, joang ba lijalo, litšila tsa lijo le joala, joalo-joalo, 'me likarolo tsa eona tsa mantlha tsa lik'hemik'hale li kenyelletsa polysaccharides (joalo ka selulose, hemicellulose, starch, pectin), joalo-joalo), sehlopha sa lipids le protheine.Bongata ba lintho tsena tse rarahaneng tsa manyolo ha li qhibilihe ka metsing 'me li tlameha ho qala ka ho bolisoa hore e be tsoekere e qhibilihang, liamino acid le mafura a acid ka li-enzyme tse tsoang kantle ho sele tse hlahisoang ke libaktheria tse fermentative pele li ka monngoa le ho sebelisoa ke likokoana-hloko.Ka mor'a hore libaktheria tse belang li monye lintho tse ka har'a lisele tse boletsoeng ka holimo, li fetoloa acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid le joala ka ho belisoa, 'me palo e itseng ea haedrojene le carbon dioxide e hlahisoa ka nako e le' ngoe.Kakaretso ea asiti ea acetic, propionic acid le butyric acid ka har'a moro o belisoang nakong ea ho belisoa ha biogas e bitsoa total volatile acid (TVA).Tlas'a boemo ba ho belisoa ho tloaelehileng, asiti ea acetic ke eona e ka sehloohong ea asiti e sebelisoang.Ha lintho tsa protheine li senyeha, ho phaella ho lihlahisoa, ho tla boela ho be le ammonia hydrogen sulfide.Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea libaktheria tsa fermentative tse amehang ts'ebetsong ea hydrolytic fermentation, 'me ho na le mefuta e mengata e tsejoang, ho akarelletsa le Clostridium, Bacteroides, baktheria ea Butyric acid, baktheria ea Lactic acid, Bifidobacteria le Spiral bacteria.Bongata ba libaktheria tsena ke li-anaerobes, empa hape le li-anaerobes tsa facultative.[1]
Methanogens
Nakong ea ho belisoa ha biogas, ho thehoa ha methane ho bakoa ke sehlopha sa libaktheria tse khethehileng haholo tse bitsoang methanogens.Methanogens e kenyelletsa hydromethanotrophs le acetomethanotrophs, e leng litho tsa ho qetela tsa sehlopha sa lijo nakong ea tšilo ea anaerobic.Le hoja li e-na le mefuta e sa tšoaneng, boemo ba tsona ketane ea lijo li etsa hore li be le litšobotsi tse tloaelehileng tsa fisioloji.Tlas'a maemo a anaerobic, ba fetola lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa lihlopha tse tharo tsa pele tsa metabolism ea baktheria hore e be lihlahisoa tsa khase methane le carbon dioxide ha ho se na li-receptors tsa ka ntle tsa hydrogen, e le hore ho bola ha lintho tse phelang tlas'a maemo a anaerobic ho ka phethoa ka katleho.

Khetho ea tharollo ea limatlafatsi tsa semela:
Tlhahiso ea tharollo ea limatlafatsi tsa semela e ikemiselitse ho sebelisa likarolo tse molemo ho biogas slurry le ho eketsa likarolo tse lekaneng tsa diminerale ho etsa hore sehlahisoa se felile se be le litšobotsi tse ntle.
Joaloka ntho ea tlhaho ea macromolecular organic, humic acid e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea 'mele le mesebetsi ea ho monya, ho rarahana le ho fapanyetsana.
Ts'ebeliso ea asiti ea humic le biogas slurry bakeng sa kalafo ea chelation e ka eketsa botsitso ba biogas slurry, ho eketsa trace element chelation ho ka etsa hore lijalo li monye hamolemonyana.

Selelekela sa Humic acid chelation process:
Chelation e bua ka karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale eo ho eona li-ion tsa tšepe li hokahaneng le liathomo tse peli kapa ho feta tsa ho hokahanya (tse seng tšepe) molek'huleng e le 'ngoe ka li-coordination bonds ho theha sebopeho sa heterocyclic (chelate ring) se nang le li-ion tsa tšepe.mofuta oa phello.E tšoana le phello ea chelation ea crab claws, kahoo lebitso.Sebopeho sa selikalikoe sa chelate se etsa hore chelate e be e tsitsitseng ho feta e se nang chelate e rarahaneng e nang le sebopeho le sebopeho se tšoanang.Phello ena ea botsitso bo ntseng bo eketseha bo bakoang ke chelation e bitsoa phello ea chelation.
Karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale moo sehlopha se sebetsang sa molek'hule e le 'ngoe kapa limolek'hule tse peli le ion ea tšepe e theha sebopeho sa lesale ka ho hokahanya se bitsoa chelation, e tsejoang hape e le chelation kapa cyclization.Har'a tšepe ea inorganic e kenngoeng ke 'mele oa motho, ke 2-10% feela e kenang.Ha liminerale li fetoloa liforomo tse chehang, li-amino acid hangata lia eketsoa ho e etsa motsoako oa "chelate".Pele ho tsohle, Chelation e bolela ho sebetsana le lintho tsa liminerale hore e be mefuta e silehang.Lihlahisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa liminerale, tse kang masapo a masapo, dolomite, joalo-joalo, ha ho mohla li kileng tsa "chelated".Ka hona, ts'ebetsong ea tšilo ea lijo, e tlameha ho qala ho fumana kalafo ea "chelation".Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa oa tlhaho oa ho etsa liminerale ka har'a metsoako ea "chelate" (chelate) 'meleng ea batho ba bangata ha e sebetse hantle.Ka lebaka leo, li-mineral supplements li batla li se na thuso.Ho tsoa ho sena rea ​​tseba hore lintho tse jeoang ke 'mele oa motho ha li khone ho hlahisa liphello tsa tsona ka botlalo.Boholo ba ’mele oa motho ha bo khone ho sila le ho monya lijo ka katleho.Har'a tšepe e sa tsitsang e amehang, ke 2% -10% feela e hlileng e chekang, 'me 50% e tla tlosoa, kahoo' mele oa motho o se o ntse o "chelated" tšepe."Tšilo le ho monya ha liminerale tse hloekisitsoeng li phahame ka makhetlo a 3-10 ho feta liminerale tse sa phekoloang.Leha u sebelisa chelete e ngatanyana, ho bohlokoa.
Manyolo a sebelisoang hona joale a tloaelehileng le a morao-rao hangata a ke ke a monngoa le ho sebelisoa ke lijalo hobane li-inorganic trace elements li lokisoa habonolo ke mobu o mobung.Ka kakaretso, katleho ea ts'ebeliso ea likarolo tsa chelated trace mobung e phahame ho feta ea inorganic trace elements.Theko ea likarolo tsa chelated trace le eona e phahame ho feta ea manyolo a inorganic trace element.